12. Intangible assets

Deferred acquisition costs

Based on US GAAP, deferred acquisition costs are accounted for in accordance with IFRS 4. In the case of property and casualty insurance contracts, costs directly attributable to the acquisition are deferred and distributed over the expected contract term or according to the unearned premiums. In life insurance, the deferred acquisition costs are amortised in line with the pattern of expected gross profits or margins. Deferred acquisition costs for insurance activities that are directly related to new business and/or to extensions of existing policies and that vary in line with that business are capitalised. They are amortised over the term of the respective insurance contract. If they are attributable to property and casualty insurance, they are amortised over the probable contractual term. For long-term health insurance contracts, the amortisation of acquisition costs is measured in line with the proportionate share of earned premiums in the present value of expected future premium income. In life insurance, the acquisition costs are amortised over the duration of the contract in the same proportion as the actuarial profit margin of each individual year is realised in comparison to the total margin to be expected from the contracts. The changes in deferred acquisition costs are recognised as part of profit/(loss) for the period under the item “Operating expenses”.

Value of business in force (VBI)

Values of life, property and casualty insurance policies as well as pension fund contracts relate to expected future margins from purchased operations. They are recognised at the fair value at the acquisition date.

The amortisation of the current value of business in force follows the progression of the estimated gross margins. The amortisation of the value of business in force is recognised in the profit/(loss) for the period under “Amortisation of VBI and impairment of goodwill”.

Goodwill

Ascertainment and allocation of goodwill

For the purpose of the impairment test, UNIQA has allocated the goodwill to cash-generating units (CGUs) below, which coincide with the countries in which UNIQA operates. An exception to this was the SIGAL Group, in which the three countries of Albania, Kosovo and North Macedonia were combined as one CGU due to their similar development and organisational connection:

• UNIQA Austria
• Albania/Kosovo/North Macedonia as subgroup of the SIGAL Group (SEE)
• Bulgaria (SEE)
• Poland (CE)
• Romania (EE)
• Russia (RU)
• Serbia (SEE)
• Czech Republic (CE)
• Hungary (CE)

Impairment test for goodwill

The impairment test was performed during the preparation of the financial statements. In order to test the impairment for goodwill, the recoverable amount of the CGUs is determined. Impairment is recognised when the recoverable amount of a CGU is less than its value to be covered, consisting of goodwill, the proportional net assets and any capital increases. The impairment of goodwill is recognised in profit/(loss) for the period under the item “Amortisation of VBI and impairment of goodwill”.

Determination of the recoverable amount

The recoverable amount of the CGUs with goodwill allocated is calculated on the basis of value in use by applying generally accepted measurement principles by means of the discounted dividend method (DDM). The budget projections (detailed planning phase) of the CGUs, the estimate of the long-term net profits achievable by the CGUs and long-term growth rates (perpetuity) are used as the starting point for determination of the capitalised value.

The capitalised value is determined by discounting the future profits with a suitable capitalisation rate after assumed retention to strengthen the capital base. In the process, the capitalised values are separated by the three business lines, which are then totalled to yield the value for the entire company.

Cash flow forecast (multi-phase model)

Phase 1: five-year company planning

The detailed company planning generally encompasses a period of five years. The company plans used for the calculation are the result of a structured and standardised management dialoge. This includes an integrated reporting and documentation process integrated into this dialogue and takes into account empirical values from previous planning periods. The plans are formally approved by the Group Management Board and also include material assumptions regarding the combined ratio, capital earnings, market shares and the like.

Phase 2: perpetuity growth rate

The last year of the detailed planning phase is used as the basis for determining cash flows in phase 2. From the 2020 financial year, the perpetuity growth rate is based on medium-term growth forecasts of the respective national economy and is not derived based on the insurance density as before. The underlying growth assumptions depend on the geographical location and range from 1 to 4 per cent. Various studies and statistical analyses were used as sources to provide a basis for determining the growth rates in order to consistently and realistically reflect the market situation and macroeconomic development. The reference sources include our own research, as well as country risks, growth rate estimations and multiples published by Damodaran (NYU Stern).

Determining the capitalisation rate

The assumptions with regard to risk-free interest rate, market risk premium and business line betas made for determining the capitalisation rate are consistent with the parameters used in the UNIQA planning and controlling process. They are based on the capital asset pricing model.

In order to depict the economic situation of income values as accurately as possible, considering the volatility on the markets, the capitalisation rate was calculated as follows: a uniform, risk-free interest rate according to the Svensson method (a 30-year spot rate for German federal bonds) was used as a base interest rate.

The beta factor was determined on the basis of the monthly betas over the last ten years for a defined peer group. The betas for the non-life, life and health insurance business lines were determined using the revenues in the relevant business lines of the individual peer group companies. The health insurance business line, which is strongly focused on the Austrian market, is operated in a manner similar to life insurance. A uniform beta factor for personal insurance is therefore used in relation to the health and life insurance lines.

In Austrian measurement practice, the market risk premium is derived at the reporting date from the implied market return based on capital market data. The growth factor is derived in the same manner as the growth in the profit from ordinary activities in the impairment test.

An additional country risk premium was defined in accordance with Professor Damodaran’s models. The basic principles for calculation of the country risk premium in accordance with the Damodaran method are as follows: the spread of credit default swap spreads in a rating class of “risk-free” US government bonds is determined starting from the rating of the country concerned (Moody’s). Then the spread is adjusted by the amount of the volatility difference between equity and bond markets.

The calculation also factored in the inflation differential for countries outside the eurozone. In general, the inflation differential represents inflation trends in different countries and is used as a key indicator in assessing competitiveness. In order to calculate the inflation differential, the deviation of the inflation forecast for the country of the CGU in question in relation to the inflation forecast for a risk-free environment (Germany, in this case) was used. This is adjusted annually in the detailed planning by the expected inflation, and is subsequently applied for perpetuity with the value of the last year of the detailed planning phase.

Impairments for the financial year

The UNIQA 3.0 strategic programme also requires a review of medium-term planning. The changes to the planning assumptions result in impairment losses on goodwill for the CGU Bulgaria in the amount of €19.1 million, the CGU Romania in the amount of €61.3 million, the CGU Serbia in the amount of €20.0 million and the CGU SIGAL Group in the amount of €5.3 million.

Sensitivity analyses

In order to substantiate the results of the calculation and estimation of the value in use, sensitivity analyses with regard to the capitalisation rate and the main value drivers are performed.

These analyses show that sustained surpluses on the part of the individual CGUs are highly dependent on the actual development of these assumptions within the individual national or regional economies (GDP, insurance density, purchasing power parities particularly in the CEE markets) as well as the associated implementation of the individual profit goals. These forecasts and the related assessment of how the situation in the markets will develop in the future, under the influence of the continuing financial crisis in individual markets, are the largest uncertainties in connection with measurement results.

In the event that the insurance markets develop entirely differently from the assumptions made in those business plans and forecasts, the individual goodwill amounts may incur impairment losses.

A sensitivity analysis shows that if there was a rise in interest rates of 50 basis points or a change in the underlying cash flow by –5 per cent for CGU Bulgaria and SIGAL, the value in use could fall below the carrying amount.

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets include both purchased and internally developed software, which is depreciated on a straight-line basis over its useful economic life of 2 to 20 years.

Costs that are incurred at the research stage for internally generated software are recognised through profit or loss for the period in which they were incurred. Costs that are incurred in the development phase are deferred provided that it is foreseeable that the software will be completed, there is the intention and ability for future internal use, and this will result in a future economic benefit.

Rights of use for leased intangible assets are not recognised.

The amortisation of the other intangible assets is recognised in profit/(loss) for the period on the basis of allocated operating expenses under the items “Insurance benefits”, “Operating expenses” and “Net investment income”.

Measurement of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of UNIQA’s non-financial assets – excluding deferred tax assets – are reviewed at every reporting date to determine whether there is an indication of impairment. If this is the case, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. The goodwill and intangible assets under construction are tested for impairment annually, unless a triggering event occurs.

An impairment loss on goodwill is not reversed. In the case of other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that it does not increase the carrying amount of the asset above the carrying amount that would have been determined net of depreciation or amortisation had no impairment loss been recognised.

Other intangible assets mainly comprise software.