3. Other investments and unit-linked and index-linked life insurance investments

UNIQA has applied the deferral approach for IFRS 9 since 1 January 2018. This enables UNIQA to postpone the date of first-time application of IFRS 9 until IFRS 17 comes into force.

Financial assets are recognised for the first time on the settlement date. They are derecognised when the contractual rights to cash flows from an asset expire or the rights to receive the cash flows in a transaction in which all major risks and opportunities connected with the ownership of the financial asset are transferred.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are recognised at fair value through profit or loss if the asset is either held for trading or is designated at fair value and recognised in profit and loss (fair value option). These include structured bonds, selected debt and equity instruments as well as derivatives and investment certificates whose original classification fell within this category.

The fair value option is applied to structured products that are not split between the underlying transaction and the derivative but are instead accounted for as a unit. Unrealised gains and losses are recognised in profit/(loss) for the period. The maximum default risk of these products is limited to the carrying amount. Furthermore, there are no hedging relationships or credit derivatives for these financial assets. The adjustment in fair values of these securities was not due to adjustments in credit risk.

Derivatives are used within the limits permitted under the Austrian Insurance Supervisory Act for hedging investments and for increasing earnings. All fluctuations in value are recognised in profit/(loss) for the period. Financial assets from derivative financial instruments are recognised under other investments. Financial liabilities from derivative financial instruments are recognised under financial liabilities.

Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are initially measured at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently, available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value. Corresponding value changes, with the exception of impairment and foreign exchange differences in the case of available-for-sale debt securities, are recognised in other comprehensive income. When an asset is derecognised, the accumulated other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit/(loss) for the period.

Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets is recognised in profit/(loss) for the period by reclassifying the losses accumulated in equity. The accumulated loss that is reclassified from equity to profit/(loss) for the period is the difference between the acquisition cost, net of any redemptions, amortisations and less any impairment loss previously recognised in profit or loss – and current fair value. If the fair value of an impaired, available-for-sale debt instrument increases in a subsequent period and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognised in profit/loss for the period. Reversals of impairment losses of equity instruments held at fair value cannot be recognised in profit/(loss) for the period.

Loans and receivables

When first recognised, loans and receivables are measured at their fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

For debt instruments and assets in the category “Loans and receivables”, this test is executed within the framework of an internal impairment process. If there are objective indications that the value currently attributed is not tenable, an impairment is recognised.

Objective indications that financial assets are impaired are:

• the default or delay of a debtor,
• the opening of bankruptcy proceedings for a debtor, or signs indicating that such proceedings are imminent,
• adverse changes in the rating of borrowers or issuers,
• changes in the market activity of a security, or
• other observable data that indicate a significant decrease in the expected payments from a group of financial assets.

In the case of an investment in an equity instrument, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost is also objective evidence of impairment. A significant decrease is a decrease of 20 per cent, and a prolonged decline is one that lasts for at least nine months.

Impairment is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate of the asset. Losses are recognised in profit/(loss) for the period. If there are no realistic chances of recovering the asset, an impairment has to be recognised. In case of an event that causes a reversal of impairment losses, this is recognised in profit/(loss) for the period. In the event of a definitive non-performance, the asset is derecognised.

Other investments are broken down into the following classes and categories of financial instruments:

Carrying amounts of other investments, with the exception of reclassified bonds, represent fair values. Reclassified bonds are subsumed in the item “Fixed-income securities” under “Loans and receivables”, the fair value of which amounts to €72,964 thousand at 31 December 2021 (31 December 2020: €101,797 thousand).

Unit-linked and index-linked life insurance investments are broken down into the following classes and categories of financial instruments:

Determination of fair value

A range of accounting policies and disclosures requires the determination of the fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. UNIQA has defined a control framework with regard to the determination of fair value. This includes a measurement team, which bears general responsibility for monitoring all major measurements of fair value, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the respective Member of the Management Board.

A review of the major unobservable inputs and the measurement adjustments is carried out regularly. If information from third parties (e.g. price quotations from brokers or price information services) is used to determine fair values, the evidence obtained from third parties is examined in order to see whether such measurements meet the requirements of IFRSs. The level in the fair value hierarchy to which these measurements are attributable is also tested. Major items in the measurement are reported to the Audit Committee.

As far as possible, UNIQA uses data that are observable on the market when determining the fair value of an asset or a liability. Based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the fair values are assigned to different levels in the fair value hierarchy.

• Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) on active markets for identical assets and liabilities. At UNIQA, these primarily involve quoted shares, quoted bonds and quoted investment funds.
• Level 2: measurement parameters that are not quoted prices included in Level 1 but which can be observed for the asset or liability either directly (i.e. as a price) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices), or are based on prices from markets that have been classified as inactive. The parameters that can be observed here include, for example, exchange rates, yield curves and volatilities. At UNIQA, these include in particular quoted bonds that do not fulfil the conditions under Level 1, along with structured products.
• Level 3: measurement parameters for assets or liabilities that are not based or are only partly based on observable market data. The measurement here primarily involves application of the discounted cash flow method, comparative procedures with instruments for which there are observable prices and other procedures. As there are no observable parameters here in many cases, the estimates used can have a significant impact on the result of the measurement. At UNIQA, it is primarily other equity investments, private equity funds and structured products that do not fulfil the conditions under Level 2 that are assigned to Level 3.

If the inputs used to determine the fair value of an asset or a liability can be assigned to different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the entire fair value measurement is assigned to the respective level of the fair value hierarchy that corresponds to the lowest input significant for the measurement overall.

UNIQA recognises reclassifications between different levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the change occurred.

The measurement processes and methods are as follows:

Financial instruments measured at fair value

For the measurement of capital investments, techniques best suited for the establishment of corresponding value are applied. The following standard measurement techniques are applied for financial instruments which come under Levels 2 and 3:

• Market approach
  The measurement method in the market approach is based on prices or other applicable information from market transactions which involve identical or comparable assets and liabilities.
• Income approach
  The income approach corresponds to the method whereby the future (expected) payment flows or earnings are inferred on a current amount.
• Cost approach
  The cost approach generally corresponds to the value which would have to be applied in order to procure the asset once again.

Measurement techniques and inputs in the determination of fair values

Valuation hierarchy of other investments

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value

Fair values of assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost

Transfers between Levels 1 and 2

In the reporting period transfers from Level 1 to Level 2 were made in the amount of €285,234 thousand (2020: €255,520 thousand) and from Level 2 to Level 1 in the amount of €359,168 thousand (2020: €493,055 thousand). These are attributable primarily to changes in trading frequency and trading activity.

Valuation hierarchy in unit-linked and index-linked life insurance investments

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value

Level 3 financial instruments

The following table shows the changes to the fair values of financial instruments whose measurement techniques are not based on observable inputs.

Sensitivities

Fixed-income securities

The main unobservable input in the measurement of fixed-income securities is the specific credit spread. In order to be able to measure these securities in a discounted cash flow model, the spreads are derived from a selection of reference securities with comparable characteristics. For the fixed-income securities in Level 3, an increase in the discount rate by 100 basis points results in a 7.7 per cent reduction in value (2020: 7.0 per cent). A reduction in the discount rate by 100 basis points results in an 8.4 per cent increase in value (2020: 8.3 per cent).

Other

Other securities under Level 3 mainly comprise private equity funds and other equity investments. Private equity funds are measured based on the net asset values which are determined by the fund manager using specific unobservable inputs for all underlying portfolio positions. This is done in accordance with the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation (IPEV) Guideline. For other equity investments under Level 3, invested capital is considered to be an appropriate measure of fair value. In these cases, a sensitivity analysis is not applicable.

The carrying amounts of the loans and other investments mainly correspond to their fair values. The measurement is based on collateral and the creditworthiness of the debtor; for deposits with banks, it is based on quoted prices.